Lactoferrin (LF), also known as lactotransferrin (LTF), is a multifunctional protein of the transferrin family. Lactoferrin is a globular glycoprotein with a molecular mass of about 80 kDa that is widely represented in various secretory fluids, such as milk, saliva, tears, and nasal secretions. Human colostrum ("first milk") has the highest concentration, followed by human milk, then cow milk (150 mg/L).
Lactoferrin is one of the components of the immune system of the body; it has antimicrobial activity (bacteriocide, fungicide) and is part of the innate defense, mainly at mucoses. In particular, lactoferrin provides antibacterial activity to human infants. Lactoferrin interacts with DNA and RNA, polysaccharides and heparin, and shows some of its biological functions in complexes with these ligands.
Lactoferrin is a potent bacteriostatic, iron-binding protein, with higher levels in preterm milk. Lactoferrin is also an essential growth factor.
Core Curriculum 2013, p 358; Core Curriculum 2019 pp. 106-107; Wambach 2016, pp. 150-151; Wambach 2021 pp 96-97.